Levamisole: a Common Adulterant in Cocaine Street Samples Hindering Electrochemical Detection of Cocaine
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Bioanalytical methods for quantitation of levamisole, a widespread cocaine adulterant.
Abstract Levamisole is an anthelminthic that was first used as a de-worming agent in humans and animals. It has also been used to treat inflammatory conditions as well as certain types of cancer. Levamisole was discontinued for human use in the early 21st century due to toxic side effects including agranulocytosis and vasculitis. Recently, levamisole was discovered as a cocaine adulterant after...
متن کاملAminorex, a metabolite of the cocaine adulterant levamisole, exerts amphetamine like actions at monoamine transporters☆
Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and cocaine are illicitly used drugs that act on neurotransmitter transporters for dopamine, serotonin or norepinephrine. These drugs can by themselves already cause severe neurotoxicity. However, an additional health threat arises from adulterant substances which are added to the illicit compound without declaration. One of the most frequently added adulter...
متن کاملLevamisole and cocaine synergism: a prevalent adulterant enhances cocaine's action in vivo.
Levamisole is estimated by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to be present in about 80% of cocaine seized in the United States and linked to debilitating, and sometimes fatal, immunologic effects in cocaine abusers. One explanation for the addition of levamisole to cocaine is that it increases the amount of product and enhances profits. An alternative possibility, and one investigated here, is ...
متن کاملImmune-mediated agranulocytosis caused by the cocaine adulterant levamisole: a case for reactive metabolite(s) involvement.
The United States Public Health Service Administration is alerting medical professionals that a substantial percentage of cocaine imported into the United States is adulterated with levamisole, a veterinary pharmaceutical that can cause blood cell disorders such as severe neutropenia and agranulocytosis. Levamisole was previously approved in combination with fluorouracil for the treatment of co...
متن کاملAgranulocytosis from levamisole-adulterated cocaine.
INTRODUCTION Afebrile neutropenia with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of zero in a nonimmunocompromised individual is unusual. Outlined is a case of agranulocytosis likely due to levamisole laced cocaine. Given recent publications in the news media and medical journals, this is a pertinent issue for primary care providers. CASE A 57-year-old female presented with painful bowel movements a...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Analytical Chemistry
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0003-2700,1520-6882
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00204